Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation may attenuate postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients. Xiong J, Xue FS, Liu JH, Xu YC, Liao X, Zhang YM, Wang WL, Li S. Med Hypotheses. 2009 Dec;73(6):938-41. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.06.033. Epub 2009 Jul 23
Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation boosts associative memory in older individuals. Jacobs HI, Riphagen JM, Razat CM, Wiese S, Sack AT. Neurobiol Aging. 2015 May;36(5):1860-7. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.02.023. Epub 2015 Feb 28
Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) enhances recognition of emotions in faces but not bodies. Sellaro R, de Gelder B, Finisguerra A, Colzato LS. Cortex. 2018 Feb;99:213-223. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.11.007. Epub 2017 Nov 23